Since the 1960s, the intensification of agriculture through industrial inputs (lab-genes, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fossil-fuelled irrigation…) has deeply changed the global agricultural landscape. The production of some commodities has tremendously increased and fulfills a growing demand on domestic and international markets. But the ecological, social, nutritional and financial costs of industrial agriculture lead to advocate for a change of paradigm towards “eco-agriculture”, “agro-ecology”, “ecological intensification”, “organic agriculture” or “permaculture”.