The concern for rising inequality is not new. But while inequalities between the developed and developing countries are converging due to rapid growth in some of the emerging economies, inequalities within some countries increase. According to the latest Oxfam Inequality report India is one of the most unequal countries where the richest 10% of the population hoards 57% of the national income. India’s inequality problem is further aggravated by the embedded socio-economic stratification based on caste, religion and gender, among others. This makes the assessment of Indian inequality challenging given the laminated mosaic of Indian society. The aim of this conference is to bring together research on inequality issues on several fronts and from the perspective of multiple disciplines across social science. The conference is organized in several thematic sessions to elaborate multiple important facets of inequality and their associated challenges in India.